Understanding Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Its Impact in the United States
U.S. Meibomian Gland Dysfunction The meibomian glands are oil-producing glands located in the eyelids. They secrete meibum, an oily and waxy substance that forms the outermost layer of the tear film and helps maintain a smooth tear film over the eye surface. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) refers to a chronic, diffuse abnormality of the meibomian glands commonly characterized by terminal duct obstruction and/or qualitative/quantitative changes in the glandular secretion. Causes and Risk Factors of MGD Some of the most common causes and risk factors for MGD include aging, rosacea or blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids), chronic inflammation, allergies, excessive eye rubbing, underlying eyelid issues/anomalies, diabetes, thyroid disease, seborrheic dermatitis and dry eyes. Studies have shown that aging is a key risk factor as the glands atrophy and lose their ability to secrete as we grow older. Females are also at a significantly higher risk than males. Prevalence of MGD in the U...